Page 16 - Module2_B1_B2_i2_Portrait

Table of Content

(a) ________________________________________________________________________ 9

Temperature______________________________________________________________ 9
Thermometers ___________________________________________________________ 9
Electrical temperature measurement systems __________________________________ 10
Temperature scales ______________________________________________________ 16
Definition ______________________________________________________________ 16
Units__________________________________________________________________ 16
Celsius ________________________________________________________________ 16
Kelvin _________________________________________________________________ 16
Fahrenheit _____________________________________________________________ 16
Rankine _______________________________________________________________ 17
Temperature conversions _________________________________________________ 18
Heat definition __________________________________________________________ 24

(b) _______________________________________________________________________ 27

Heat capacity and specific heat _____________________________________________ 27

Latent heats of fusion and evaporation_______________________________________ 31

Heat transfer ____________________________________________________________ 37
Convection_____________________________________________________________ 37
Conduction_____________________________________________________________ 37
Radiation ______________________________________________________________ 37
Heat exchange__________________________________________________________ 38
Heat transfer rate ________________________________________________________ 40

Thermal expansion _______________________________________________________ 47
Linear expansion ________________________________________________________ 48
Volumetric expansion_____________________________________________________ 50

The laws of thermodynamics _______________________________________________ 59
Entropy _______________________________________________________________ 59
The four laws of thermodynamics ___________________________________________ 59

Gases __________________________________________________________________ 63
Adiabatic process________________________________________________________ 63
Isochoric (constant volume) process _________________________________________ 63
Isobaric (constant pressure) process _________________________________________ 63
Isothermal (constant temperature) process ____________________________________ 63
Internal energy __________________________________________________________ 63
Entropy _______________________________________________________________ 64
Enthalpy_______________________________________________________________ 64
Isentropic (constant entropy) process ________________________________________ 64
Reversible process ______________________________________________________ 64
Thermal energy _________________________________________________________ 64
Heat of combustion ______________________________________________________ 66
The gas laws ___________________________________________________________ 68
Avogadro’s law _________________________________________________________ 68
Boyle’s law_____________________________________________________________ 68
Charles’ law ____________________________________________________________ 70
Gay-Lussac’s law________________________________________________________ 70
Combined gas law _______________________________________________________ 72

Total Training Support Ltd 3-5 Issue 2 – September 2016
© Copyright 2016 Module 2.3 Thermodynamics